Procuring your hardware

Key considerations

As a home staker, some of the key considerations you'd have are:

1. Space and aesthetic constraints in your home

2. Getting familiar with hardware assembly

The Intel NUC and ASUS Mini PC form factors are recommended here because of these reasons. They have similar compact sizes, sleek black design, in-built cooling system, and a standardised motherboard layout — which are ideal properties for new learners to get up to speed on hardware requirements rapidly.

Intel NUC

ASUS Mini PC

Suggested Shopping List

*Prices in USD

Essentials

Either builds are good options but the Intel NUC CPU set is slightly more expensive on Amazon. The RAM and storage components are also interchangeable across both builds so it ultimately comes down to which components you are able to get at the cheapest price based on your location (i.e. vendor availability).

Intel (ASUS now) NUC Build

Component	Model	Estimated Cost	Link
CPU + motherboard + case	Intel NUC i5-1240P bare bones + case	$508	https://www.amazon.com/Intel-NUC-NUC12WSHv5-Barebone-System/dp/B0BSLQKRZK/ref=sr_1_3?crid=2IEGBS85E0JS7&keywords=intel+nuc+i5+12th+gen+barebone&qid=1703419811&s=electronics&sprefix=intel+nuc+i5+12th+gen+barebon%2Celectronics%2C360&sr=1-3
RAM	32GB Lexar DDR4-3200 SODIMM	$68	https://www.amazon.com/SODIMM-Laptop-Performance-Upgrade-LD4AS016G-B3200GSST/dp/B09KY6SXLZ/ref=sr_1_3?crid=2DYFPEB0TH9SD&keywords=16GB%2BLexar%2BDDR4-3200%2BSODIMM&qid=1703419934&s=electronics&sprefix=2x%2B16gb%2Blexar%2Bddr4-3200%2Bsodimm%2Celectronics%2C322&sr=1-3&th=1
Storage	ADATA S70 2TB NVMe Gen4 SSD	$157	https://www.amazon.com/XPG-2TB-GAMMIX-Blade-AGAMMIXS70B-2T-CS/dp/B093DNV47J/ref=sr_1_3?crid=1HDMZZ3ZR7J7M&keywords=ADATA%2BS70%2B2TB%2BNVMe%2BGen4%2BSSD&qid=1703420049&s=electronics&sprefix=adata%2Bs70%2B2tb%2Bnvme%2Bgen4%2Bssd%2Celectronics%2C323&sr=1-3&th=1
Total		$733

ASUS Mini PC

Component	Model	Estimated Cost	Link
CPU + motherboard + case	ASUS Mini PC Ryzen 7 4700U	$350	https://www.newegg.com/p/1VK-001S-02DH9
RAM	Crucial RAM 32GB DDR4 3200MHz	$73	https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/B07ZLC7VNH?th=1
Storage	SAMSUNG 980 (or 990) PRO SSD 2TB	$165 - $185	https://www.newegg.com/samsung-2tb-980-pro/p/N82E16820147796
Total		$588 - $608

• If you plan to purchase any other SSDs, you should first refer to this list compiled by Yorick Downe and prioritise SSD models listed in the “Good” category — https://gist.github.com/yorickdowne/f3a3e79a573bf35767cd002cc977b038

• You may also refer to the full list in this google sheet and filter for models with DRAM and TLC (under NAND type) - https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1B27_j9NDPU3cNlj2HKcrfpJKHkOf-Oi1DbuuQva2gT4/edit#gid=0

Dappnode

If you don't want the hassle of sourcing and assembling your own components, you can go for pre-built Ethereum home staking hardware for a premium.

Dappnode selects the optimal hardware components by taking into account upcoming Ethereum network upgrades and testing them rigorously so you can be assured about future-proofing and quality.

Check out the various options on their site using my affiliate link below (no price difference):

Staking collectionDappnode

Optional

Component	Model	Estimated Cost	Link
4TB SSD Storage*	TEAMGROUP MP34 4TB	$210*	https://www.amazon.sg/TEAMGROUP-Internal-Compatible-Desktop-TM8FP4004T0C101/dp/B08Z7LN8NM
Networking (Optional if your current router works well)	TP-Link Wifi 6 AX1500 Smart WiFi Router	$81	https://www.amazon.com/WiFi-6-Router-Gigabit-Wireless/dp/B08H8ZLKKK/ref=sr_1_5?crid=2NBX76K6ZA24V&keywords=TP-Link+Wifi+6+AX1500+Smart+WiFi+Router&qid=1703420097&s=electronics&sprefix=tp-link+wifi+6+ax1500+smart+wifi+router%2Celectronics%2C344&sr=1-5
Power	Cyberpower CP425SLG** (or another USB compatible UPS if not available in your region)	$58	https://github.com/trevhub/guides/blob/main/CheapUPS.md
Miscellaneous	2x CAT7 LAN cables, 2x new 8GB USB drive	$27

*Actual price of this 4TB SSD might depend on the promotion period. Given that the Dencun upgrade is likely to arrive in a couple of months, it might be good to future-proof your build with a 4TB SSD in exchange for a slight increase in cost.

**Setup instructions for an automatic shutdown in the event of a power outage and subsequently powering on after recovery can be found in the corresponding link.

Cost considerations

1. Revenue: A single ETH validator will generate between 4.0% (median) to 5.3% (mean) yield. At ETH price = USD2300 (28th Jan 2024), this will give you an income of between USD2944 to USD3900 per year.

2. Cost: The minimal hardware cost described here is USD753 and electricity is negligible at around USD90 (SGD120) per year

3. Payback Period: ~3 months at median; ~5 months if no block proposals are received

However, you will be able to run many "vanilla" validator keys, along with multiple liquid staking service on just a single set of hardware to make your operations more capital efficient — e.g. running with 2 validator keys doubles your revenue without increasing your cost base.

Leveraging on liquid staking services like Diva Staking will allow you to further scale your TVL and income as a solo staker without increasing your capital proportionally.

Other Considerations

For learners with more advanced knowledge in building home servers, you might want to consider building a device that supports ECC RAM. This will cost slightly more but can potentially save a large amount of troubleshooting time if there is a RAM failure. More information around this topic can be found on the Ethdocker resources below:

Resources, hardware | eth-dockereth-docker.net

The trade-offs, however, are that (i) you will likely require a larger form factor and (ii) because ECC RAMs non-consumer components, it might take a few weeks for your vendor to replace (not readily available) your RAM if there is a RAM failure.