| Method | ETH owner | Operator | Validator key owner |
|---|---|---|---|
| Pooled staking | Stakers | External node operators (NOs) | External node operators (NOs) |
| Solo staking | Stakers | Stakers | Stakers |
It's not a walk in the park but it's definitely easy enough for even non-technical people to pick up!
Last 30 days data from Rated.Network. 2nd June 2024.
Kiln's research on correlation penalties
| Client | CPU speed | RAM | Storage | SSD speeds | Sync speed | Market share |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Geth | lowest | 16 GB | 2 TB | Good | 2nd | 78% |
| Besu | lower | 32 GB | 2 TB | Good | 1st | 5% |
| Nethermind | lower | 32 GB | 2 TB | Good | 3rd | 14% |
| Erigon | higher | 32 GB | 4 TB* | Good | 4th | 2% |
| Client | Market share |
|---|---|
| Prysm | 38.93% |
| Lighthouse | 33.01% |
| Teku | 18.69% |
| Nimbus | 8.21% |
| Lodestar | 1.16% |
Simplified illustration of how DVT clients fit into the existing solo staker setup
Simplified illustration of a solo staker setup
Illustration of how a single solo staking setup can be used to participate in multiple DVT clusters across various DVT providers
| Option | ETH bond | ETH matched | Non-ETH bond | Fee % | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rocketpool | 8 | 24 | 2.4 ETH worth of RPL | 14% out of 14% total | 8% APR on RPL staked |
| Stader | 4 | 28 | 0.4 ETH worth of SD | 6% out of 10% total | 7.97% APR on SD staked |
| Lido | 2 | 32 | None | 8% out of 10% total | Bond provided in stETH which also accrues rewards |
| Ether.fi (WIP) | |||||
| Puffer (WIP) |
Simplified illustration of a solo staker setup
| Component | Impact on performance |
|---|---|
| CPU |
|
| RAM |
|
| Storage |
|
| Network |
|
| Power |
|
Intel NUC
ASUS Mini PC
| Component | Model | Estimated Cost | Link |
|---|---|---|---|
| CPU + motherboard + case | ASUS Mini PC Ryzen 7 4700U | $350 | https://www.newegg.com/p/1VK-001S-02DH9 |
| RAM | Crucial RAM 32GB DDR4 3200MHz | $73 | https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/B07ZLC7VNH?th=1 |
| Storage | SAMSUNG 980 (or 990) PRO SSD 2TB | $165 - $185 | https://www.newegg.com/samsung-2tb-980-pro/p/N82E16820147796 |
| Total | $588 - $608 |
| Component | Model | Estimated Cost | Link |
|---|---|---|---|
| 4TB SSD Storage* | TEAMGROUP MP34 4TB | $210* | https://www.amazon.sg/TEAMGROUP-Internal-Compatible-Desktop-TM8FP4004T0C101/dp/B08Z7LN8NM |
| Networking (Optional if your current router works well) | TP-Link Wifi 6 AX1500 Smart WiFi Router | $81 | https://www.amazon.com/WiFi-6-Router-Gigabit-Wireless/dp/B08H8ZLKKK/ref=sr_1_5?crid=2NBX76K6ZA24V&keywords=TP-Link+Wifi+6+AX1500+Smart+WiFi+Router&qid=1703420097&s=electronics&sprefix=tp-link+wifi+6+ax1500+smart+wifi+router%2Celectronics%2C344&sr=1-5 |
| Power | Cyberpower CP425SLG** (or another USB compatible UPS if not available in your region) | $58 | https://github.com/trevhub/guides/blob/main/CheapUPS.md |
| Miscellaneous | 2x CAT7 LAN cables, 2x new 8GB USB drive | $27 |
Basic anatomy of the Intel NUC device
Example output on the mainnet
[Unit]
Description=Reth Execution Client (Holesky)
After=network.target
Wants=network.target
[Service]
User=reth
Group=reth
Type=simple
Restart=always
RestartSec=5
ExecStart=/usr/local/bin/reth node \
--chain holesky \
--datadir=/var/lib/reth \
--log.file.directory=/var/lib/reth/logs \
--authrpc.jwtsecret=/var/lib/jwtsecret/jwt.hex \
--full \
--port 30303 \
--http \
--http.api eth,web3,net,txpool,debug,trace \
--http.addr <Internal_IP_address> \
--http.port 8547 \
--ws \
--ws.addr <Internal_IP_address> \
--ws.port 8548 \
--metrics 127.0.0.1:6060
[Install]
WantedBy=default.target
Example output of the Teku consensus client running on the mainnet
This example runs on the goerli testnet. You should see a different initial state URL being printed on Holesky.
testnet example: prater.beaconcha.in
cd
curl -LO https://github.com/status-im/nimbus-eth2/releases/download/v24.9.0/nimbus-eth2_Linux_amd64_24.9.0_f54a0366.tar.gz
tar xvf nimbus-eth2_Linux_amd64_24.9.0_f54a0366.tar.gz
cd nimbus-eth2_Linux_amd64_24.9.0_f54a0366/build
echo "e40ec8fb6ded9a085bf52f7fa4b2e3cb8f63670f4d4c0f8e190f5a3d7e0038230985083b22ed859a1ddbdce230df05ebb182a73cfa8a614b470aa7516111b7d0 nimbus_beacon_node" | sha512sum --check
echo "35737f59e52fdc47823532b15d372a225779f38887c39664239a2171bc6f24a79633dfbb9257c7715ae640ea9037a3c6352e2e58c53af74a352d745e23d8c74b nimbus_validator_client" | sha512sum --check
tar xvf lighthouse-v5.3.0-x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu.tar.gz
sudo cp lighthouse /usr/local/bin
rm -r lighthouse*
testnet example: prater.beaconcha.in
mv beacon-chain-v5.1.2-linux-amd64 prysmbeacon #rename the binary file for easy reference
chmod +x prysmbeacon
sudo cp prysmbeacon /usr/local/bin
rm -r prysmbeacon beacon-chain-v5.1.2-linux-amd64.sha256
testnet example: prater.beaconcha.in
For an extensive list of laptop models, refer to the links below:
1\) Non-Apple/Mac models:sudo nano <validator_signing_keystore_file_name>.txt
sudo systemctl status mevboost.service
Example output of the Teku VC running on the Goerli testnet. Look out for Holesky in your output.
sudo /usr/local/bin/nimbus_beacon_node deposits import --data-dir:/var/lib/nimbus_validator/ ~/validator_keys
sudo mkdir -p /var/lib/lodestar_validator/validator_keystores /var/lib/lodestar_validator/keystore_password
sudo cp ~/validator_keys/<validator_keystore.json> /var/lib/lodestar_validator/validator_keystores
sudo cp ~/validator_keys/<validator_keystore_password.txt> /var/lib/lodestar_validator/keystore_password
sudo chown -R lodestar_validator:lodestar_validator /var/lib/lodestar_validator
sudo chmod 700 /var/lib/lodestar_validator
id lodestar_validator
mv validator-v5.1.2-linux-amd64 prysmvalidator #rename the binary file for easy reference
chmod +x prysmvalidator
sudo cp prysmvalidator /usr/local/bin
rm -r prysmvalidator validator-v5.1.2-linux-amd64.sha256
- job_name: 'Nimbus_beacon' #for consensus client
metrics_path: /metrics
static_configs:
- targets: ['localhost:8009']
- job_name: 'Nimbus_validator' #for validator client
metrics_path: /metrics
static_configs:
- targets: ['localhost:8108']
- job_name: 'lighthouse_beacon' #for consensus client
metrics_path: /metrics
static_configs:
- targets: ['localhost:8009']
- job_name: 'lighthouse_validator' #for validator client
metrics_path: /metrics
static_configs:
- targets: ['localhost:8108']
sudo systemctl status prometheus.service
sudo systemctl status node_exporter.service
[Service]
<existing_flags> \
--Pruning.Mode=Hybrid \
--Pruning.FullPruningTrigger=VolumeFreeSpace \
--Pruning.FullPruningThresholdMb=300000
cd
curl -LO https://github.com/status-im/nimbus-eth2/releases/download/v24.2.2/nimbus-eth2_Linux_amd64_24.2.2_fc9c72f0.tar.gz
tar xvf nimbus-eth2_Linux_amd64_24.2.2_fc9c72f0.tar.gz
cd nimbus-eth2_Linux_amd64_24.2.2_fc9c72f0/build
echo "ad062a475edbabb79882a85e1ba93d739d6614fdece382b65381211d07b9dc11487aedca15df0d540ba384866ed0ff0044989ce8d7c39054b2cad40d92022719 nimbus_beacon_node" | sha512sum --check
echo "1a5bfc3e5ba6e8b682572b8c7f74894b785191a4ba1ebf3d59203dc9dc1ec47b49c4d128aa433b0b44315ac574cbb7d924ab4241d60e2b9b141c61e504ab8dab nimbus_validator_client" | sha512sum --check
version: '3.8'
services:
diva:
extends:
file: docker-compose.yml
service: diva
validator:
image: chainsafe/lodestar:latest
platform: linux/amd64
container_name: validator
hostname: validator
restart: unless-stopped
command:
- validator
- --dataDir
- /var/lib/lodestar/validators
- --beaconNodes
- ${CONSENSUS_CLIENT_URL}
- --keymanager
- --keymanager.address
- 0.0.0.0
- --keymanager.port
- "7500"
- --network
- holesky
- --externalSigner.url
- http://diva:9000
- --externalSigner.fetch
volumes:
- ${DIVA_DATA_FOLDER:-.}/lodestar/validators:/var/lib/lodestar/validators
networks:
default:
aliases:
- vc-rkm
cd
mv diva-alpha-net diva-alpha-net_bak
cd ~/diva-alpha-net
# Choose one of the following to run according to the setup method you are on
docker compose -f up -d #For Default method
docker compose -f docker-compose-lodestar-vc.yml up -d #For Experimental method
Example of a pre-configured Diva dashboard on Grafana
Lodestar VC
Screenshots
e.g., Replace OBOL_PROM_REMOTE_WRITE_TOKEN
cd
docker run --rm -v "$(pwd):/opt/charon" -u $(id -u):$(id -g) obolnetwork/charon:v1.1.0 create dkg \
--name="<Cluster_name>" --num-validators=50 \
--fee-recipient-addresses="<Splitter_contract_address>" \
--withdrawal-addresses="0x17E6F6270A101dc7687Cc9899889819EeAF8253f" \
--network="holesky" \
--operator-enrs=\
"enr:-HW4QO5ci0ykiIxKD9CPoK0DzqrtV85jaXRgHeUKJyX8KmAhOxe5lD5MBGTNf9vJClUIeLzqj9awJtXsxWGciTI8BgSAgmlkgnY0iXNlY3AyNTZrMaEDivyOXAZbkL8sqbSuCQ0NBa3qiGxgrU_3pda02C1A0HQ",\
"enr:-HW4QFOFj99TaauvirkSRmEphR1UkevkegYJYkBzzLK3b2kwLmEHxE_E8q_BTJY0pN1vIBPq4rZ2Kih-K11MOAC6VimAgmlkgnY0iXNlY3AyNTZrMaECV0SXHBiWDjucuAdRPbJA19ExP73EvDlYJGEwyr4fYZY",\
"enr:-HW4QFRRhXE1aBufxYYqXLp5_QTCpAmct6UsKt-MMqbaNNCcNpVMC-icRYwAwXalh0Y2cIIhVocLVRPcZSQrev8osJyAgmlkgnY0iXNlY3AyNTZrMaECerwvVkvu8ZM_vALT10Rtp0YiFth7R5JrqP-iTmXwzAk",\
"enr:-HW4QIq63_axsvYq3D24gcZSFTKjrSl0nWwXVeYc29mJV-avEzVMKUcaxjM9wYnz4GWIT4JQqASJfu6M-HK5RH-zE8aAgmlkgnY0iXNlY3AyNTZrMaEDafXZh594s4ft5El40JmGt1qVsOdW5gv2qzaVtC2LTLc"
e.g., Replace OBOL_PROM_REMOTE_WRITE_TOKEN
ETH Docker TUI Navigation
* `Arrow keys & Tab key`: Cycle options * `Space bar`: Select option * `Enter`: Confirm option * `CTRL+C`: Exit individual screen monitoring view * `ESC`: QuitConfigure DKG endpoint (for non-VMs)
On your laptop, create a Tailscale VPN account atETH Docker TUI Navigation
* `Arrow keys & Tab key`: Cycle options * `Space bar`: Select option * `Enter`: Confirm option * `CTRL+C`: Exit individual screen monitoring view * `ESC`: QuitConfigure DKG endpoint (for non-VMs)
On your laptop, create a Tailscale VPN account atIllustration on Rewards Socialisation
Break down of scope for each address. Source: Lido CSM operator portal
How to configure Builder/Local Boost settings per CL/VC client ❓
**Teku** * Teku CL (action: set to 100), [Source](https://docs.teku.consensys.io/reference/cli#builder-bid-compare-factor) ``` --builder-bid-compare-factor ``` (Default: 90) For example, a builder bid comparison factor of 90 means the builder's payload is chosen when its value is at least 10% greater than what can be built locally. **Prysm** * Prysm CL (action: set to 0), [Source](https://docs.prylabs.network/docs/prysm-usage/parameters#client-stats-flags) ``` --local-block-value-boost ``` (Default: 10) Use builder block if: builder\_bid\_value \* 100 > local\_block\_value \* (local-block-value-boost + 100) **Lighthouse** * Lighthouse VC (action: set to 100), [Source](https://lighthouse-book.sigmaprime.io/help_vc.html) ``` --builder-boost-factor ``` (Default: 100) **Nimbus** For Nimbus, which setting has the priority: **depends where the validators live (which component owns the private keys). If they're in the VC, then the VC determines it. if in the BN, then the BN does** * Nimbus CL (action: set to 0), [Source](https://nimbus.guide/external-block-builder.html), [Source 2](https://nimbus.guide/options.html) ``` --local-block-value-boost ``` (Default =10) Increase execution layer block values for builder bid comparison by a percentage. * Nimbus VC (no action) ``` --builder-boost-factor ``` (Default: 100) Percentage multiplier to apply to the builder's payload value when choosing between a builder payload header and payload from the paired execution node. **Lodestar** Lodestar VC (action: --builder.selection = ‘maxprofit’), [Source](https://chainsafe.github.io/lodestar/run/validator-management/vc-configuration/#configure-your-builder-selection-andor-builder-boost-factor) ``` --builder.selection ``` (Default: "executiononly"). maxprofit: An alias of--builder.boostFactor=100, which will always choose the more profitable block.sudo /usr/local/bin/nimbus_beacon_node deposits import --data-dir:/var/lib/csm_nimbus_validator/ ~/staking_deposit-cli*/validator_keys
sudo mkdir -p /var/lib/csm_lodestar_validator/validator_keystores /var/lib/csm_lodestar_validator/keystore_password
sudo cp ~/validator_keys/<validator_keystore.json> /var/lib/csm_lodestar_validator/validator_keystores
sudo cp ~/validator_keys/<validator_keystore_password.txt> /var/lib/csm_lodestar_validator/keystore_password
sudo chown -R csm_lodestar_validator:csm_lodestar_validator /var/lib/csm_lodestar_validator
sudo chmod 700 /var/lib/csm_lodestar_validator
id csm_lodestar_validator